Removing the brush won’t hurt anything, but it will make the vacuum useless.
No vacuum works well on a bare floor without some form of gentle agitator. What works best is a non-powered floor brush. This is a brush that is 6" to 10" wide and fits on the wand of your vacuum hose. The brush will gently loosen dust and dirt for the vacuum to suck up.
Click here to read our recommendations for the best vacuum cleaner for each flooring type.